There’s an amazing story in the book of Joshua about the children of Israel that I believe may point us toward a wonderful truth about the work of Jesus at the cross. It’s the story of the crossing of the Jordan River. God had told Joshua to lead the people across the Jordan into Canaan, the land of abundant living.
For 40 years the people had wandered in the wilderness. God had given them Canaan many years earlier. That was an objective reality. However, their unbelief kept it from being their subjective experience. Hebrews 3:19 says that “they were not able to enter in because of unbelief.” It was theirs but little good it did them because they didn’t believe.
Finally, they were going to cross over under the leadership of Joshua. His name is the Old Testament Hebrew name equivalent to the New Testament name, “Jesus.” Joshua would do something that Moses, the one who had brought them the Law could never do. He would lead them out of the barren wilderness and into the land of life – abundant life. (Those bringing Law can never lead anybody into abundant living.)
The Bible tells how it happened in Joshua 3:
15 . . . when those who carried the ark came into the Jordan, and the feet of the priests carrying the ark were dipped in the edge of the water (for the Jordan overflows all its banks all the days of harvest ), 16 the waters which were flowing down from above stood and rose up in one heap, a great distance away at Adam, the city that is beside Zarethan ; and those which were flowing down toward the sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea, were completely cut off. So the people crossed opposite Jericho. 17 And the priests who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD stood firm on dry ground in the middle of the Jordan while all Israel crossed on dry ground, until all the nation had finished crossing the Jordan.
Throughout the Old Testament, the Ark of the Covenant was a tangible manifestation of the presence of Yahweh. The story here recounts that the Jordan River was flooded. The Jordan isn’t a deep river, but it is a downhill river that has a swift current under normal conditions. With flooding conditions, it would be impossible to cross over it without being swept all the way to the Dead Sea by its raging current.
God had told Joshua to have the priests carrying the Ark of the Covenant to step in the water first. Let God lead the way. The instant their feet touched the water, the Bible says the Jordan River backed up all the way to the city of Adam.
There is an interesting meaning in the names in this text. Do you think it’s coincidental that the city's name was Adam? I don’t. Beside the city of Adam was Zarethan. There is some discrepancy about the meaning of that name, but Strong’s Concordance (Word #6868) says the Hebrew name “Zarethan” comes from a root word meaning, “to pierce, to puncture.” Other commentaries suggest that the name means, “the great or lofty rock,” referring to the conspicuous peak of Kurn Surtabheh, which projects sharply upward from the mountains of Ephraim. Either definition suggests strong overtones of a typology pointing to the Lord Jesus Christ. The One who was pierced is also a Great Rock. In fact, He’s the Rock of Ages.
When the water backed up to the city of Adam, the flow of destruction that would have swept everybody into the Dead Sea (another name for the Salt Sea) not only stopped, but also was reversed all the way back to Adam. The people walked across into the land of abundant life on dry land because the High Priest, acting in the power of Yahweh stepped into the flow of death Himself.
The comparison is profound. Our High Priest, Jesus, wasn’t caught off guard when Adam sinned in the Garden of Eden. Just as Zarethan was beside the city of Adam, so was the Son of God standing by with full awareness when the first Adam started the raging torrent of sin that, left unhindered, would have swept us all into eternal death. He was there. He knew in advance what would happen. He already had a plan in place to deal with Adam’s fallen race before Adam even touched the fruit on the forbidden tree.
When Jesus (the high priest) stepped into the torrential flow of sin (the current of the Jordan) that would have swept us all into eternal death (the Dead Sea), He caused the water’s flow (sin’s effect) to back up all the way to the man, Adam, in the Garden of Eden (the city of Adam).
Here’s the beauty of the cross. Not only did what Jesus do affect those who would live after His death, the cross also impacted those who lived before His crucifixion – all the way back to Adam.
Contemporary Christians often point out that we look backward to the cross for the source of our salvation, but what about those who lived before then? There’s an interesting passage in Ephesians 4 that may shed light on that issue.
7 But to each one of us grace was given according to the measure of Christ's gift. 8 Therefore it says, "WHEN HE ASCENDED ON HIGH, HE LED CAPTIVE A HOST OF CAPTIVES, AND HE GAVE GIFTS TO MEN." 9 (Now this expression, "He ascended," what does it mean except that He also had descended into the lower parts of the earth? 10 He who descended is Himself also He who ascended far above all the heavens, so that He might fill all things.)
What does it mean when the Bible says that He led a host of captives when He ascended on high? Could this verse describe Jesus preaching to those who had lived prior to His coming? The Old Testament uses the Hebrew word sheol to describe the abode of the dead. The Jewish people believed that sheol was divided into two parts – one for the wicked and the other for the righteous (Abraham’s bosom).
Is it possible that the captives Jesus led out of the lower parts of the earth were those in Sheol? Is it possible that our Lord Himself preached the good news to those held captive there, awaiting the Hope that was to come? Even the Apostle Peter talked about Jesus preaching to those who had lived in Noah’s day during the time between His crucifixion and resurrection. Peter wrote:
For Christ also died for sins once for all, the just for the unjust, so that He might bring us to God, having been put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit; in which also He went and made proclamation to the spirits now in prison” (1 Peter 3:18-19).
The word “now” in this verse is not in the original Greek but was added by editors because they thought it would help clarify the verses meaning, although it doesn’t. You can see this for yourself at: http://www.biblestudytools.com/interlinear-bible/passage.aspx?q=1%20Peter+3:18-20&t=nas where the Greek words are links and those added to the text by editors are in normal black font.
So the Apostle Paul said that Jesus led captives out of captivity when He descended to the lower parts. The Apostle Peter said He preached to imprisoned spirits. You can draw your own conclusions, but I don’t think it stretches biblical hermeneutics too far to conclude that what Jesus did at the cross embraced humanity – all of humanity – retroactively all the way back to Adam. If He did indeed preach the gospel to those who had lived before, they had the same opportunity to hear the message that all are included in His finished work, just as you have had the opportunity.
The objective reality is that the work of Christ includes every man, woman, boy and girl who has ever lived. The subjective benefits of that reality becomes experiential to all who believe. I can’t prove it but I don’t think anybody will be left without that opportunity to believe on the Lord Jesus Christ. Our God is a mystery. His ways defy our limited and finite understanding, but I don’t think we can overestimate His loving grace.
This gospel we declare is big! Our Triune God has wrapped His arms around the universe and He invites us to simply believe that we are loved; that we share in His divine life; that we are all included in what He has done and, in so doing, we will glorify His work for all humanity accomplished on the cross and will live in the land of abundant living that our Joshua, our Last Adam came to provide for us all.
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